Patients suffering from anaemia, a condition characterized by low haemoglobin levels. Iron deficiency stands out as one of the prominent contributors to anaemia, particularly affecting children and women. While the importance of good nutrition for overall health is widely acknowledged, the intricate link between nutritional deficiencies and certain disorders remains less explored.
Consistent consumption of diets lacking essential micronutrients can lead to various deficiencies, including iron, Vitamin A, and zinc, culminating in conditions such as anaemia and compromised immunity. On the flip side, ailments like celiac disease and infections such as h. pylori or worm infestations can disrupt the digestive system, leading to nutrient deficiencies. The repercussions of malnutrition caused by micronutrient deficits extend across generations, with anaemic mothers being more likely to give birth to anaemic babies.
Government initiatives like Anaemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) represent significant efforts aimed at addressing this health challenge. These programs involve the distribution of iron and folic acid (IFA) tablets and other preventive measures. Additionally, interventions like the Mid-day Meal Scheme for school children contribute to the broader strategy against nutritional deficiencies. Despite these commendable efforts, obstacles to effective implementation persist, highlighting the need for ongoing attention and innovative solutions in the battle against anaemia.
Addressing the complex burden of malnutrition requires multiple interventions, with diet playing a crucial role. In pre-industrial times, a diverse and balanced diet was the norm, exemplified by the traditional thaali with cereals, pulses, and vegetables. However, contemporary dietary patterns, marked by processed and sugar-laden alternatives, demand a shift towards recognizing the importance of reducing processed food consumption for improved health outcomes.
In South Asia, a significant challenge arises with 46% lacking access to an affordable balanced diet, according to FAO data. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023 reveals that 74% of India's population cannot afford a healthy diet, with 39% lacking a nutrient-adequate one. Recent government initiatives, like Large-Scale Food Fortification (LSFF), are timely interventions that can complement ongoing efforts at various levels. When integrated with micronutrient supplementation, diet diversity promotion, and measures to induce behavioral change, LSFF has the potential to enhance the efficacy of existing programs.
While food fortification may not be the ultimate solution, it is a crucial first step. India, although lagging behind in universal food fortification, has a history of successful adoption, such as iodized salt under the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme in 1992. The current food fortification program extends to staples like wheat flour, rice, edible oils, and salt.
However, achieving acceptance among targeted beneficiaries is crucial. Concerns regarding the appearance and texture of fortified foods, like fortified rice kernels, require addressing through intensive information, education, and communication (IEC) campaigns. Emphasizing the stringent standards of fortification is vital. Research indicates no risk of iron toxicity in fortified foods, as the iron quantity is comparable to naturally occurring levels, and the body's homeostasis prevents excess absorption in individuals with normal health.
Sources -The Indian Express Pvt Ltd
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